Vitamin D status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

Main Article Content

I Kola
S A van Blydenstein
M Kola
S Kooverjee
S Omar

Abstract





Background. There has been a growing interest in nutritional/lifestyle factors, including vitamin D, that may affect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Most data are from Caucasian populations and temperate climates, with minimal African data.


Objectives. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (25(OH)D 21 - 29 ng/mL) among patients with COPD. Secondary objectives were to investigate the association between vitamin D and demographic/lifestyle factors, lung function parameters, markers of COPD severity and corticosteroid use.


Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional study of 76 patients with COPD was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Patients were interviewed regarding demographic/lifestyle factors, COPD severity markers and corticosteroid therapy. The most recent spirometry result was recorded. Blood samples were taken for measurement of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D levels. Patients were stratified according to vitamin D status (deficiency and non-deficiency (25(OH)D >20 ng/mL, i.e. combined insufficiency and adequate levels)), and statistical analysis was performed to assess for associations.


Results. The sample included 72% males and 63% black African patients. The prevalences of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 48% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42 - 54) and 35% (95% CI 30 - 41), respectively. A Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea score ≥2 was associated with a relative risk of 1.34 (95% CI 1.05 - 1.7) for vitamin D deficiency in univariate analysis. In multivariate regression analysis, only sunlight exposure (<1 hour/day) was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio 2.4; 95% CI 1.3 - 4.5).


Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D levels in this COPD sample population. A higher mMRC score was associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, while low sunlight exposure was the only independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency.





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How to Cite
1.
Kola I, van Blydenstein SA, Kola M, Kooverjee S, Omar S. Vitamin D status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2024 Oct. 14 [cited 2024 Nov. 6];30(3):e1041. Available from: https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/ajtccm/article/view/1041
Section
Original Research: Articles
Author Biographies

I Kola, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Registrar, Department of Internal Medicine

S A van Blydenstein, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

Consultant, Division of Pulmonology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital

M Kola, Private general practitioner, Newclare, Johannesburg, South Africa

General Practitioner, private practice Newclare, Johannesburg

S Kooverjee, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Consultant, Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital

S Omar, Division of Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

Senior Consultant, Department of Critical Care, Chris Hani Baragwanth Academic Hospital

How to Cite

1.
Kola I, van Blydenstein SA, Kola M, Kooverjee S, Omar S. Vitamin D status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2024 Oct. 14 [cited 2024 Nov. 6];30(3):e1041. Available from: https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/ajtccm/article/view/1041

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