The impact of maternal weight gain during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background. Weight gain during pregnancy is a physiological event related to fetal tissue growth and maternal metabolic modifications with the addition of adipose tissue reserves. Maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy has a considerable influence on the course of pregnancy, fetal development, the health status of the newborn, as well as outcomes for the child.
Objectives. To evaluate the impact of maternal weight gain during pregnancy on the occurrence of maternal and neonatal morbidity in the Moroccan population.
Methods. A study was carried out over one year in the maternity ward of the provincial hospital of Benslimane between 1 October 2020 and 1 October 2021, using data collected from a descriptive cross-sectional study. We included mothers delivering singletons from 37 completed weeks up to 42 weeks’ gestation, while those with diabetes or hypertension were excluded. We divided the mothers into three groups based on weight gain during pregnancy: group I gained <8 kg; group II gained 8 -16 kg; and group III gained >16 kg. A validated questionnaire was used to analyse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Results. Data were collected from 1 408 pregnancies. Gestational hypertension, macrosomia, dystocia, and caesarean sections were more common among women who gained >16 kg (p<0.05).
Conclusion. Weight gain during pregnancy has been associated with maternal-fetal complications, hence the need to establish guidelines for prevention and control of high-risk pregnancies during the perinatal period.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The SAJCH is published under an Attribution-Non Commercial International Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License. Under this license, authors agree to make articles available to users, without permission or fees, for any lawful, non-commercial purpose. Users may read, copy, or re-use published content as long as the author and original place of publication are properly cited.
Exceptions to this license model is allowed for UKRI and research funded by organisations requiring that research be published open-access without embargo, under a CC-BY licence. As per the journals archiving policy, authors are permitted to self-archive the author-accepted manuscript (AAM) in a repository.
How to Cite
References
Abrams B, Selvin S. Maternal weight gain pattern and birthweight. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86(2):163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-7844(95)00118-b 2. Institute of Medicine. Committee on nutritional status during pregnancy
and lactation. Nutrition during pregnancy. Part I: Weight Gain. Washington:
National Academy Press, 1990.
Cedergren MI. Maternal morbid obesity and the risk of adverse pregnancy
outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103(2):219-224. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.
AOG.0000107291.46159.00
Galtier-Dereure F, Boegner C, Bringer J. Obesity and pregnancy: Complications and cost. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(5 Suppl):1242-1248. https://doi.org/10.1093/ ajcn/71.5.1242s
Feig DS, Naylor CD Eating for two: are guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy too liberal? Lancet 1998;351(9108):1054-1055. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06261-2
World Health Organization. The Prevention and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage. Report of a Technical Working Group. Geneva: WHO, 1990.
Taoudi F, Laamiri FZ, Barich F, Hasswane N, Aguenaou H, Barkat A. Study
of the prevalence of obesity and its association with maternal and neonatal characteristics and morbidity profile in a population of Moroccan pregnant Women. J Nutr Metab 2021;2021:6188847. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6188847
Wang Y. Cross-national comparison of childhood obesity: The epidemic and the relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status. Int J Epidem 2001;30(5):1129-1136. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.5.1129
Sundquist J, Johansson SE. Positive influence of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and lifestyle on body mass index in a longitudinal study. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):57-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/27.1.57
Chiuve SE, McCullough ML, Sacks FM, Rimm EB. Healthy lifestyle factors in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease among men: Benefits among users and nonusers of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications. Circulation 2006;114(2):160-167. https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621417
Habicht JP, Yarbrought C, Lechtig A, et al. Relationships of birthweight, maternal nutrition and infant mortality. Nutr Reports Int 1973;7(5):546-553.
Frisancho AR, Klayman JE, Matos J. Newborn body composition and its relationship to linear growth. Amer J Clin Nutr 1977;30:704-711. https://doi.
org/10.1093/ajcn/30.5.704
Chen Z, Du J, Shao L, et al. Prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and pregnancy outcomes in China. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2010;109(1):41- 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.10.015
Edwards LE, Hellerstedt WL, Alton IR, Story M, Himes JH. Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: Effects of gestational weight change. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87(3):389-394. https://doi. org/10.1016/0029-7844(95)00446-7
Harper LM, Shanks AL, Odibo AO, Colvin R, Macones GA, Cahill AG. Gestational weight gain in insulin-resistant pregnancies. J Perinatol 2013;33(12):929-933. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2013.100
Huda SS, Forrest R, Paterson N, Jordan F, Sitar N, Freeman DJ. In preeclampsia, maternal third trimester subcutaneous adipocyte lipolysis is more resistant to suppression by insulin than in healthy pregnancy. Hypertension 2014;63(5):1094-1101. https://doi.org/10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01824
Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Gülmezoglu AM, et al. Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: The WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007 - 08. Lancet 2010; 375(9713):490-499.
Thorsdottir JE Torfadottir, Birgisdottir BE, Geirsson RT. Weight gain in women of normal weight before pregnancy: Complications in pregnancy or delivery and birth outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99(5):799-806. https://doi. org10.1016/s0029-7844(02)01946-4
Bogaerts A, Witters I, van den Bergh BR, Jans G, Devlieger R. Obesity in pregnancy: Altered onset and progression of labour. Midwifery 2013;29(12):1303- 1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.12.013
Hill MG, Cohen WR. Shoulder dystocia: Prediction and management. Womens Health 2016;12(2):251-261. https://doi.org/10.2217/whe.15.103
Xu H, Arkema EV, Cnattingius S, Stephansson O, Johannsson K. Gestational weight gain and delivery outcomes: A population-based cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021;35(1):47-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12709
Butwick AJ, Abreo A, Bateman BT, et al. Effect of maternal body mass index on postpartum hemorrhage. Anesthesiol 2018;128(4):774-783. https://doi. org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002082
Handa VL, Blomquist GL, Knoepp LR, et al. Pelvic floor disorders 5 - 10 years after vaginal or cesarean childbirth. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118(4):777-784. https:// doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182267f2f
Mitchell CJ, Adkins L, Tucker A, Brown H, Siegel A, Dotter-Katz S. Impact of excess weight gain on risk of postpartum infection in class III obesity. AJP Rep 2020;10(3):e213-e216. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715165