Histopathological assessment of AIDS-defining malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract presenting with acute abdomen: Improving diagnostic timeliness and patient care

Authors

  • M C Khaba Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
  • N E Mothata Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
  • M O Keetse Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
  • T Sumbana Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i11.2034

Keywords:

Acute abdomen , Kaposi Sarcoma, B-cell lymphoma, HIV/AIDS, gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

Background. While a large number of cases in an HIV setting may be attributed to infections, there has also been a rise in HIV- associated malignancies such as Kaposi sarcoma and aggressive B-cell lymphoma.

Objective. To describe the clinicopathological features of cases with acute abdomen secondary to AIDS-defining malignancy in the gatrointestinal tract.

Method. This is a retrospective analysis of all cases presenting with acute abdomen and histologically diagnosed AIDS-defining malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract over a period of 8 years in our centre. Clinicopathological characteristics were retrieved from the laboratory information system. Archived haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and immunohistochemical stains were reap- praised.

Results. A total of 13 cases, which consisted of 5 males and 8 females, with an average age of 35 years formed the study sample. All the patients were HIV-positive on antiretroviral therapy, and presented with acute abdomen. Intraoperatively, there were five intussusceptions, three strictures, three perforated tumours and two luminal occlusions. Histopathology confirmed five cases of Kaposi sarcoma and eight cases of high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Two patients with high-grade B-cell lymphomas died after surgical intervention.

Conclusion. Expedited histopathological assessment of bowel resection in HIV-infected patients could improve clinical outcomes with early treatment.

Author Biographies

  • N E Mothata, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa

    Dr NE Mothata is a senior registrar in the department with research interest in non-cutaneous Kaposi Sarcoma.

  • M O Keetse, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa

    Dr OM Keetse is a senior registrar in the department of anatomical pathology with research interest in gastrointestinal b-cell lymphoma

  • T Sumbana , Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa; Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa

    Dr Sumbana is a specialist colorectal surgeon with special interest in colorectal malignancies.

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Published

2024-11-04

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Section

In Practice

How to Cite

1.
Khaba MC, Mothata NE, Keetse MO, Sumbana T. Histopathological assessment of AIDS-defining malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract presenting with acute abdomen: Improving diagnostic timeliness and patient care. S Afr Med J [Internet]. 2024 Nov. 4 [cited 2024 Dec. 9];114(11):e2034. Available from: https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/samj/article/view/2034

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