Abstract
Background. Hypertension is emerging as a significant health issue in developing countries undergoing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable chronic diseases.
Objective. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of hypertensive patients in Windhoek, Namibia.
Methods. This cross-sectional study included 82 hypertensive patients recruited from three peripheral healthcare centres in Windhoek. The data was analysed using the χ2 test.
Results. The age of the study population ranged from 27 - 70 years (mean 48.32 (SD 11.19)). Most (54%) participants understood the meaning of hypertension, while 74% accurately interpreted their blood pressure levels. Half of the participants identified psychological stress as a risk factor for hypertension, while a larger proportion (67%) could mention at least one complication of uncontrollable high blood pressure. Participants showed a positive attitude towards managing hypertension, with 88% adhering to their medication and 77.2% making at least one lifestyle modification since their diagnosis. A substantial number of patients did not adhere to the recommended diet (71%, p<0.001) and 66% did not exercise (p=0.004). Conversely, 84% were not smokers (p<0.001). Additionally, knowledge of the effect of alcohol on hypertension was associated with alcohol consumption (χ2 8.906, p=0.003), with only 34% (22/64) of patients with better knowledge of alcohol’s effects consuming alcohol, while this proportion was 74% among those with poor knowledge.
Conclusion. While most patients possess good hypertension-related knowledge, they lack the necessary attitudes and practices for effective management. Therefore, targeted campaigns promoting lifestyle changes are essential to alter patient behaviour and enhance hypertension management.
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