The history of black African medical education in South Africa: A reflection on the contribution by Walter Sisulu University, 1985 - 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7196/Keywords:
Medical Education, Black African, HistoryAbstract
-
References
1. Sarwar MH, Sarwar MF, Sarwar M. Understanding the significance of medical education for health care of community around the globe. Int J Innovation Res Educ Sci 2014;1(2):149-152.
2. Buja LM. Medical education today: All that glitters is not gold. BMC Med Educ 2019;19(1):110. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1535-9
3. Sims D, Zingela Z, Mokhachane M, et al. Medical education, reflections and perspectives from South Africa: A review. BMC Med Educ 2025;25(1):370. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-06910-8
4. Digby A. Some early black doctors – a very politically active cohort, 1941 - 1954 (History of Medicine). S Afr Med J 2007;97(8):577-580.
5. Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet 2010;376(9756):1923-1958. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61854-5
6. Digby A. The last cohort of early black doctors who studied abroad, 1931 - 1940 (History of Medicine). S Afr Med J 2007;97(7):508-509.
7. Digby A. Black doctors and discrimination under South Africa’s apartheid regime. Med Hist 2013;57(2):269-290. https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.106
8. Mayosi BM. The first black doctors and their influence in South Africa (History of Medicine). S Afr Med J 2015;105(8):635-636. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJnew.7821
9. Burch VC. Medical education in South Africa: Assessment practices in a developing country. Chapter 2. University of Cape Town, 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277154270_ Medical_Education_in_South_Africa_assessment_practices_in_a_developing_country (accessed 25 November 2025).
10. Kwizera EN, Igumbor EU, Mazwai LE. Twenty years of medical education in rural South Africa – experiences of the University of Transkei Medical School and lessons for the future. S Afr Med J 2005;95(12):920-924.
11. Igumbor EU, del Río A, Buso DL. Training medical students in the community – memoirs and reflections of the University of Transkei medical school. Med Educ Online 2006;11(1):4605. https:// doi.org/10.3402/meo.v11i.4605
12. Ncayiyana DJ. WSU medical school – a study in innovation and resilience. S Afr Med J 2012;102(2):55.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 T V Makola, N V Khosa

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Licensing Information
The SAMJ is published under an Attribution-Non Commercial International Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License. Under this license, authors agree to make articles available to users, without permission or fees, for any lawful, non-commercial purpose. Users may read, copy, or re-use published content as long as the author and original place of publication are properly cited.
Exceptions to this license model is allowed for UKRI and research funded by organisations requiring that research be published open-access without embargo, under a CC-BY licence. As per the journals archiving policy, authors are permitted to self-archive the author-accepted manuscript (AAM) in a repository.
Publishing Rights
Authors grant the Publisher the exclusive right to publish, display, reproduce and/or distribute the Work in print and electronic format and in any medium known or hereafter developed, including for commercial use. The Author also agrees that the Publisher may retain in print or electronic format more than one copy of the Work for the purpose of preservation, security and back-up.




