Commentary on the published position statement regarding the pathogenesis of fetal basal ganglia- thalamic hypoxic-ischaemic injury

Authors

  • J Anthony Retired associate professor and Head of Unit: Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital
  • J Smith Emeritus Professor of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • L Murray Private Practice in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cape Town, South Africa
  • G F Kirsten Emeritus Professor of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • G Gericke Extraordinary Professor in Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
  • Y Kara Paediatrician, Umhlanga Hospital and St Augustines Hospital, Durban, South Africa
  • V Davies Paediatrician and neonatologist, visiting associate professor, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • D Pearce Paediatric neurology consultant, University of the Witwatersrand, Donald Gordon Medical Centre Johannesburg, South Africa
  • R van Toorn Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • M M Lippert Certified paediatric neurology, private practice in Paediatric Neurology, Unitas Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
  • J W Lotz Emeritus Professor of Radiology, Division of Radiodiagnosis, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • S Andronikou Pediatric neuroradiologist and paediatric radiologist at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; professor of radiology at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
  • B Alheit Cape Town, South Africa
  • L van Wyk Neonatologist, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • A S Ebrahim Obstetrician and gynaecologist, St Augustine’s Hospital, Durban, South Africa
  • B S Schifrin Formerly professor of obstetrics and gynecology (maternal-fetal medicine), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i1.1584

Keywords:

pathogenesis, hypoxic ischemic injury, fetal, basal ganglia-thalamic

Abstract

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References

Bhorat I, Buchmann E, Frank K, et al. Causation of term perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic basal ganglia and thalamus injury in the context of cerebral palsy litigation: Position statement. S Afr Med J 2023;113(9):e1063. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i9.1063

Rennie J, Rosenbloom L. How long have we got to get the baby out? A review of the effects of acute and profound intrapartum hypoxia and ischaemia. Obstetrician Gynaecologist 2011;13(3):169-174. https://doi.org/10.1576/toag.13.3.169.27669

Shankaran S, Laptook AR, McDonald SA, et al. Acute perinatal sentinel events, neonatal brain injury pattern, and outcome of infants undergoing a trial of hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Pediatr 2017;180(2):275-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.026

Sie LTI, van der Knaap MS, Oosting J, de Vries LS, Lafeber HN, Valk J. MR patterns of hypoxic- ischemic brain damage after prenatal, perinatal or postnatal asphyxia. Neuropediatrics 2000;31(3):128- 136. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-7496

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Role of neuroimaging. In: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome. 2nd ed. (reaffirmed 2019). Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians, 2019.

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Okumura A, Hayakawa F, Kato T, Kuno K, Watanabe K. Bilateral basal ganglia-thalamic lesions subsequent to prolonged fetal bradycardia. Early Hum Dev 2000;58(2):111-118. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0378-3782(00)00072-4

Baxter P. Markers of perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia and neurological injury: Assessing the impact of insult duration. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020;62(5):563-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14421

Murray DM, O’Riordan MN, Horgan R, Boylan G, Higgins JR, Ryan CA. Fetal heart rate patterns in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Relationship with early cerebral activity and neurodevelopmental outcome. Am J Perinatol 2009;26(8):605-612. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1220774

Martinez-Biarge M, Diez-Sebastian J, Wusthoff CJ, Mercuri E, Cowan FM. Antepartum and intrapartum factors preceding neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 2013;132(4):952- 959. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0511

Smith J, Solomons R, Vollmer L, et al. Intrapartum basal ganglia-thalamic pattern injury and radiologically termed ‘acute profound hypoxic-ischemic brain injury’ are not synonymous. Am J Perinatol 2022;39(10):1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721692

Volpe JJ, Inder TE, Darras BT, et al., eds. Volpe’s Neurology of the Newborn. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2018.

Wisnowski JL, Wintermark P, Bonfiacio SL, et al. Neuroimaging in the term newborn with neonatal encephalopathy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021;26(5):101304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. siny.2021.101304

Buchmann E, Bhorat I. Basal ganglia-thalamic pattern injury and subacute gradual-onset intrapartum hypoxia: A response. Am J Perinatol 2022;39(16):1742-1744. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739428

Smith J, Solomons R, Vollmer L, Lotz JW, Anthony J, van Toorn R. Intrapartum basal ganglia-thalamic

pattern injury. Am J Perinatol 2022(epub ahead of print). https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1877-6569

Nakao M, Nanba Y, Okumura A, et al. Correlation between fetal heart rate evolution patterns and magnetic resonance imaging findings in severe cerebral palsy: A longitudinal study. BJOG 2022;129(9):1574-1582. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17089

Misser SK, Lotz JW, Zaharie S-D, Mchunu N, Archary M, Barkovich AJ. A proposed magnetic resonance imaging grading system for the spectrum of central neonatal parasagittal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Insights Imaging 2022;13(1):11. https://doi: 10.1186/s13244-021-01139-7

Elsingergy MM, Worede F, Venkatakrishna S, Andronikou S. Deep nuclei injury distribution in isolated ‘basal ganglia-thalamus’ (BGT) versus combined ‘BGT and watershed’ patterns of hypoxic- ischaemic injury (HII) in children with cerebral palsy. Clin Radiol 2022;77(11):825-832. https://doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.04.019

Kinney H, Volpe JJ. Hypoxic-ischemic injury in the term infant: Neuropathology. In: Volpe JJ, Inder TE, Darras BT, et al., eds. Volpe’s Neurology of the Newborn. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2018:484-499.

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Published

2023-12-31

Issue

SAMJ Vol. 114 no. 1

Section

Correspondence

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Copyright (c) 2023 J Anthony, J Smith, L Murray, G F Kirsten, G Gericke, Y Kara, V Davies, D Pearce, R van Toorn, M M Lippert, J W Lotz, S Andronikou, B Alheit, L van Wyk, A S Ebrahim, B S Schifrin

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How to Cite

1.
Anthony J, Smith J, Murray L, Kirsten GF, Gericke G, Kara Y, et al. Commentary on the published position statement regarding the pathogenesis of fetal basal ganglia- thalamic hypoxic-ischaemic injury. S Afr Med J [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 31 [cited 2025 Apr. 30];114(1):6-10. Available from: https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/samj/article/view/1584

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